How many types of headache are known?

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There are more than 300 types of headaches, but only about 10% of headaches have a known cause. The others are called primary headaches.
Check the web-based 2nd Edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2) for details on their diagnostic criteria:

• Part I: The Primary Headaches
• Part II: The Secondary Headaches
• Part III: Cranial Neuralgias, Central and Primary Facial Pain And Other Headaches

Here is a partial list from Aurametrix database:

ICD-10
	Primary headaches
R51	Headache as Facial Pain NOS (excluding atypical pain, neuralgia, migraine)
G43	Migraine
G43.0	Migraine without aura [common migraine]
G43.1	Migraine with aura [classical migraine]
G43.2	Status migrainosus
G43.3	Complicated migraine
G43.8	Other migraine (Ophthalmoplegic, Retinal, etc)
G43.9	Migraine, unspecified
G44.0	Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC)
	Chronic Cluster headache syndrome
	Episodic Cluster Headache
	Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania
G44.1	Vascular headache, not elsewhere classified Vascular headache NOS
G44.2	Tension-type headache (TTH)	Stress Headache
	Chronic tension-type headache
	Episodic tension headache
	Tension headache NOS
G44.3	Chronic post-traumatic headache
G44.4	Drug-induced headache, not elsewhere classified
G44.8	Other specified headache syndromes
G44.803	Primary cough headache
G44.804	Primary exertional headache
	Hypnic headache
	Primary thunderclap headache
	Hemicrania continua
	New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
G44.805	Primary headache asspciated with sexual activity	Coital cephalalgia
	Preorgazmic headache
	Orgazmic headache
G44.882	Cardiac Cephalalgia
	Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis	not sufficiently validated
G44.882	headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia
G44.882	Dialysis headache
G44.813	Headache attributed to arterial hypertension
G44.882	Headache attributed to hyperthyroidism
G44.882	Headache attributed to fasting
	Secondary headaches
	Space Headache
S00-S09	Head injury	Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma
I61	Intracerebral hemorrhage	Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder	Excludes: sequelae of intracerebral haemorrhage ( I69.1 )
I61.0	Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, subcortical	Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder
	Deep intracerebral haemorrhage
I61.1	Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, cortical
	Cerebral lobe haemorrhage
	Superficial intracerebral haemorrhage
I61.2	Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified
I61.3	Intracerebral haemorrhage in brain stem
I61.4	Intracerebral haemorrhage in cerebellum
I61.5	Intracerebral haemorrhage, intraventricular
I61.6	Intracerebral haemorrhage, multiple localized
I61.8	Other intracerebral haemorrhage
I61.9	Intracerebral haemorrhage, unspecified
I60	Subarachnoid hemorrhage
I60.0	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from carotid siphon and bifurcation
I60.1	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from middle cerebral artery
I60.2	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from anterior communicating artery
I60.3	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from posterior communicating artery
I60.4	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from basilar artery
I60.5	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from vertebral artery
I60.6	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from other intracranial arteries
	Multiple involvement of intracranial arteries
I60.7	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial artery, unspecified
	Ruptured (congenital) berry aneurysm NOS
	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from cerebtal artery NOS
	Subarachnoid haemorrhage from communicating artery NOS
I60.8	Other subarachnoid haemorrhage
	Meningeal haemorrhage
	Rupture of cerebral arteriovenous malformation
I60.9	Subarachnoid haemorrhage, unspecified
	Ruptured (congenital) cerebral aneurysm NOS
M31.5	Giant cell arteritis
G93.2	Idiopathic intracranial hypertension	Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
G97.1	Post dural puncture headaches	Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
G40-G47	Ictal headache	Associated with seizure activity
G44.4 or G44.83	Medication overuse headaches	Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
G44.4,44.83,F10,F13,F19,P96	Medication or drug withdrawal headaches	MeSH
G00	Meningitis	Headache attributed to infection
G50.1	Atypical facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures
J01	Sinusitis
R51	Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
	CRANIAL NEURALGIAS, CENTRAL AND PRIMARY FACIAL PAIN AND OTHER HEADACHES
G44.847, G.44.848 or G44.85	Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches
	Trigeminal neuralgia
	Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
	Nervus intermedius neuralgia
	Superior laryngeal neuralgia

The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Some people experience headaches when they are hungry or dehydrated. Other common reasons include performing an activity that causes you to hold your head in one position for a long time (like using a computer, microscope, or typewriter), sleeping in a cold room or an abnormal position, overexerting yourself, clenching your jaw or grinding your teeth.

Major migraine triggers for men

Changing weather: rising humidity, heat

Lack of sleep or oversleeping

Fatigue

Emotional Stress

Sensory triggers: bright or flickering lights, loud noises, strong smells

Dietary triggers:

• missing a meal
• alcohol, especially red wine
• chocolate
• nitrates in cured meats and fish
• aged cheese
• an increase or decrease in caffeine
• MSG (often present in Asian and prepared foods)

18 most common sources of headache:
1.  Stress
2.  Not enough sleep
3.  Certain foods and food additives, such as chocolate, cheese, caffeine and monosodium glutamate (MSG).
4.  Grinding your teeth
5.  Depression and anxiety
6.  Skipping meals
7.  Poor posture
8.  Lack of exercise
9.  Holding your head or neck in an awkward position for a long time
10. Hormonal changes related to menstruation (PMS), menopause, pregnancy or hormone use
11. Medications, including those for depression and high blood pressure, or overusing headache medication
12. Overexerting yourself
13. Sleeping in an awkward position
14. Eye strain
15. Fatigue
16. Smoking
17. Alcohol
18. Sinus infections, colds or flu

Related articles

• Temperature changes linked to headaches (thestar.com)
• Dependence Scale Useful in Predicting Medication Overuse Headache (somebodyhealme.dianalee.net)
• What are Migraines? What is Migraine Disease? (somebodyhealme.dianalee.net)
• Announcing June 2009 Headache Blog Carnival (somebodyhealme.dianalee.net)
• Space Travel Is a Real Headache (space.com)
• VIDEO: Headache Onset May Be Linked to Changes in Weather (medicine.com.my)

Aurametrix is a company developing Health 4.0 technologies